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Description: Michigan’s unique geology and glacial history has resulted in the deposition of many naturally occurring metals in soils. The ice moving across Michigan followed four individual flow paths, called glacial lobes. Because these glacial lobes have varying points of origin and traverse different types of bedrock, the resulting glacial sediments have varying chemical characteristics based on source rock influences. The following data sources were used to establish the 2005 glacial lobe boundaries: Quaternary Geomorphology of Southeastern Michigan, Field Trip Guide, AAG Annual Mtg, April 1985, by Winters, Rieck, and Lysch. (Huron-Erie and Saginaw interlobate contact)Farrand, W. R., and Bell, D. L., 1982a, Quaternary geology of northern Michigan (map, 1: 500,000). Department of Geological Sciences, University of Michigan. (Superior and Michigan interlobate contacts)Farrand, W. R., and Bell, D. L., 1982b, Quaternary geology of southern Michigan (map, 1: 500,000). Department of Geological Sciences, University of Michigan. (Michigan and Saginaw interlobate contacts)The assumed boundaries of the glacial lobes have been revised for the 2015 update based on additional information resources. Summary statistics are presented for general soil types and for broad geographic areas based on the location of major glacial lobes. The following data sources were used to synthesize these boundaries: Black, R. F., Valderan glaciation in western upper Michigan, in Proceedings 12th International Association Great Lakes Research Conference, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 1969, p. 116-123.Clayton, L., Attig, J., Mickelson, D., Johnson, M. D., and Syverson, K., 2006, Glaciation of Wisconsin, Wisconsin Geological and Natural History Survey Educational Series, Volume 36.Esch, J., 2014, Draft bedrock topography map: Michigan Department of Environmental Quality, Office of Oil, Gas and Minerals. Farrand, W. R., and Bell, D. L., 1982a, Quaternary geology of northern Michigan (map, 1: 500,000). Department of Geological Sciences, University of Michigan.Farrand, W. R., and Bell, D. L., 1982b, Quaternary geology of southern Michigan (map, 1: 500,000). Department of Geological Sciences, University of Michigan. Farrand, W. R., and Eschman, D., 1974, Glaciation of the southern peninsula of Michigan: a review: Michigan Academician, v. 7, no. 1, p. 31-56.Indiana Geological Survey, 1989, SURFICIAL_GEOL_MM49_IN: Quaternary Geologic Map of Indiana: Indiana Geological Survey, scale 1:500,000, polygon shapefile. Kehew, A. E., Nicks, L. P., Kendzierski, S., and Straw, W. T., n.d., Glacial terrain map of St. Joseph County, Michigan: Western Michigan University, Department of Geology, Institute for Water Sciences, contributions by R. Christopher Gardner and Andrew Flint, cartography by Greg Anderson (WMU College of Arts & Sciences, GIS Research Center), scale 1:62,500.Krist, F., 2012, Deglaciation of Michigan: detailed deglaciation Part 1. [Series of images created by Frank Krist, former Geography/Archeology grad student, and edited by Dr. Randal J. Schaetzl, Michigan State University, to help students understand the deglaciation history of Michigan, compiled for educational use only, and may not be reproduced without permission from Dr. Schaetzl (soils@msu.edu)].Martin, H., 1957, Map of the surface formations of the Northern Peninsula of Michigan: Michigan Geological Survey Division Publication 49 [pt. 2], scale 1:500,000.Martin, H. M., 1957-1958, "Outline of the Geologic History" series for 14 counties (Branch, Cheboygan, Hillsdale, Ingham, Kalamazoo, Lenawee, Mecosta, Midland, Oceana, Ogemaw, Ottawa, Roscommon, Saginaw and Shiawassee) and the Grand Traverse region.: Lansing, MI, Michigan Department of Conservation, Geological Survey Division. MDNR, 1998, Template - Quaternary Geology: Lansing, MI, Michigan Department of Natural Resources. MDTMB Center for Shared Solutions and Technology Partners, 2014, 1982 Quaternary Geology (shapefiles), in Michigan Department of Technology Management and Budget (MDTMB), ed.: Lansing, MI. Ohio Division of Geological Survey, 2005, Glacial map of Ohio: Ohio Department of Natural Resources, Division of Geological Survey, page-size map with text, 2 p., scale 1:2,000,000. Ontario Geological Survey, 1997, Quaternary geology, seamless coverage of the province of Ontario: Ontario Geological Survey, Data Set 14. (digital map).Ontario Geological Survey, 2011, 1:250 000 scale bedrock geology of Ontario; Ontario Geological Survey, Miscellaneous Release–Data 126 - Revision 1.Regis, R. S., 1997, Late Pleistocene glacial history of central Marquette and northern Dickinson counties [Doctor of Philosophy: Michigan Technological University. Schaetzl, R. J., 2001, Late Pleistocene ice-flow direcions and the age of glacial landscapes in northern lower Michigan: Physical Geography, v. 22, no. 1, p. 28-41.Shah, B. P., 1974, Glacial aggregate evaluation in Kalamazoo County and vicinity, Michigan, Research Report No. R-835: Lansing, MI, Michigan State Highway and Transportation Commission. Wingard, N. E., 1971, Evaluation of aggregate sources of glacial origin - final report on a highway planning and research investigation conducted in cooperation with the U. S. Department of Transportation Federal Highway Administration, Research Report No. R-746: Lansing, MI, Michigan State Highway Commission. Winters, H., Rieck, R., and Lusch, D., Quaternary geomorphology of southeastern Michigan, in Proceedings Field Trip Guide, AAG Annual Meeting1985, Department of Geography, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, p. 104.

Copyright Text: Data synthesized by John Esch, Dale Bridgford, and Dave Slayton, formerly of the Michigan Department of Environment, Great Lakes, and Energy.

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